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Renewable Energy Policy

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A Review of the Role of Renewable Energy in Global Energy Scenarios (June 2007): This report was sponsored by the IEA Implementing Agreement on Renewable Energy Technology Deployment. The purpose of this report, was to: (1) explain why certain global energy scenarios contain larger shares of renewable energy than others; (2) identify key assumptions; and (3) recommend appropriate settings for assumptions critical to the role of renewable energy that might be used in future global energy scenarios. The report analyses eleven global scenario reports incorporating 35 individual scenarios. It discusses the types of scenarios and their uses, the types of models used, and how various technologies are characterized in the different scenario sets.

Executive Summary of "A Review of the Role of Renewable Energy in Global Energy Scenarios"

Lessons Learned for Integrating Renewables into Greenhouse Gas Trading Programs (April 7, 2006): Since mid-2004, CRS has been working to ensure that renewable energy is integrated into state and regional greenhouse gas reduction programs. CRS convened and lead a Renewable Working Group in the Northeast to develop a proposal to the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) for the inclusion of renewables in the development of a GHG carbon cap and trade program. Previously, renewable energy has been excluded from cap and trade emission reduction programs. The proposal incorporated the benefits of renewable energy in a manner that avoids double counting of benefits while being fully compatible with renewable energy incentive programs and emission reduction strategies in the Northeast . The CRS-lead Working Group submitted draft language that was incorporated in the final RGGI Model Rule, helping to ensure a place for voluntary and mandated renewable purchases in the GHG emissions reduction regime in the Northeast. CRS is also involved in the Western State's Global Warming Initiatives in a similar capacity.
Achieving a 33% Renewable Energy Target (November 1, 2005): This report was requested by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and funded by the Energy Foundation. It was developed to assist the CPUC in its responsibilities as part of the California Climate Action Team (CAT), and as an input to the CAT January 2006 report to the Governor on implementation of the state greenhouse gas reduction target. The purpose of the report is to assess how to accelerate and expand the current CPUC Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) and related programs to achieve the Governor's goal of meeting 33 percent of statewide electric power supply with renewable energy by 2020. This report identifies what the CPUC can do within the scope of its current jurisdiction and what changes in law are needed to expand renewables to meet the Governor's goal. This report also focuses specifically on necessary implementation steps, barriers that must be overcome and a step-by-step schedule for implementation and adoption of policy changes needed to accelerate California's RPS program to the 33 percent level. Wherever possible this project relies on existing research, analysis and modeling results. The period of interest for this investigation is 2010 to 2020.
International Tax Incentives for Renewable Energy: Lessons for Public Policy (June 17, 2005): Throughout the world, tax incentives have supported public policies designed to stimulate the development of renewable energy markets and industries. Tax incentives are powerful and highly flexible policy tools that can be targeted to encourage specific renewable energy technologies and to impact selected renewable energy market participants, especially when used in combination with other policy tools. This paper identifies the types of tax incentives currently in use worldwide ir order to learn from the experiences of the 29 countries and 35 states specifically examined here.

A Review of International Experience with Policies to Promote Wind Power Industry Development (March 2005): This report explores the motivations behind establishing a local wind power industry, and the paths that different countries have taken to develop indigenous large wind turbine manufacturing industries within their borders.

International Experience with Public Benefits Funds: A Focus on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (October 2003): This report summarizes international experience with PBF policies that target renewable energy and energy efficiency investments, and identifies lessons learned from these experiences that are applicable to the Chinese context.
A Survey of the Administrative Costs to Government of Implementing a RPS, Feed-in Law, Competitive Tender, and Public Benefits Fund (June 2003): This memo provides a high level overview of the implementation costs for four renewable energy policy tools: feed-in law, public benefits fund, renewable portfolio standard, and competitive tendering process. It contains examples from the US and international experience that offer the reader an idea of the range of administrative costs that can be expected to implement each of these policies.
The Potential for Using a Renewable Certificate System to Encourage Renewable Energy Development in Mexico (June 2003): This paper examines the technical, legal and economic issues involved in developing a North American market for tradable renewable energy certificates from Mexico. The paper assesses both the feasibility of using TRCs to encourage the development of renewable energy in Mexico, and the challenges and opportunities associated with building a North American certificate-trading scheme.
Designing a Renewables Portfolio Standard: Principles, Design Options, and Implications for China : This paper identifies the key design principles that define an effective and low-cost RPS policy. Drawing on examples from the states of Maine, Wisconsin and Texas in the US, the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different design options. The paper concludes with offering some recommendations for possible RPS design options for China.
Renewable Energy Policy Options for China: A Comparison of Renewable Portfolio Standards, Feed-in Tariffs, and Tendering Policies (June 2002): This paper provides a comparative analysis of feed-in laws, renewable portfolio standards, and tendering policies as three policy tools that can help the development of new renewable capacity. It compares the relative merits and disadvantages of each approach both in general and for application in China. It also identifies several policy objectives that can be achieved through these three approaches and identifies which approach has been most successful in meeting each of the various policy goals.
Project Development and Public Polocies: Feed-in Tariffs, Green Pricing, PBF, RPS (June 2002): This report identifies the most common elements of renewable energy project development, how they have been applied with various types of policy approaches and the critical factors affecting their use. (This paper only deals with larger than 1 MW, grid-connected facilities.) Renewable energy policy approaches and the typical project development practices used with each are discussed. The paper discusses such issues as financing, ownership of facilities, power sales, power purchase agreements and mandatory market strategies.
Capacity And Energy Based RPS Policies (5/19/2001): A discussion of the comparative advantages and disadvantages of a capacity-based renewable energy purchase obligation and an energy-based renewable energy purchase obligation. The memo uses Texas to illustrate the capacity-based approach.
Interaction Between RPS and SBC Policies (5/19/2001): This memo explores the different methods for integrating SBC and RPS policies, using examples from the US. The memo compares the effectiveness of these combinations in reaching various goals and makes recommendations for their use in China.
United States RPS Case Studies (May 2000): This document summarizes three states' RPS policies: Maine, Wisconsin, and Texas. Each state case study contains information on the historical background, legislative process, regulatory implementation, and the effectiveness of the policy and provides a copy of the actual regulation. In addition, this document contains a summary of RPS design lessons and comparative analysis of different approaches.
All documents (except where noted) are in PDF format. To view them, you will need the Adobe Acrobat Reader, which can be downloaded for free from the Adobe website.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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                       - William Rees